Vikramshila

Vikramshila, located near Bhagalpur in Bihar, is one of India’s most important ancient learning centers. Established in the 8th century by Pala King Dharmapala, the university was once a global hub for Buddhist studies, attracting scholars from across Asia. Along with Nalanda and Odantapuri, Vikramshila formed the “Trio of India’s Great Buddhist Universities.”

Its excavated ruins stand as a reminder of Bihar’s remarkable academic heritage.

Historical Background

Vikramshila University was founded during the Pala dynasty, a period when Buddhism flourished across eastern India. King Dharmapala built this university to promote advanced Buddhist education, philosophy, tantra studies, logic, grammar, and metaphysics.

The university reached its peak between the 9th and 11th centuries and produced several renowned scholars like:

Atiśa Dipankara, a great Buddhist monk who later revived Buddhism in Tibet

Jetari, Vagishwarakirti, and many learned teachers who taught various branches of knowledge

In the 12th century, the university was destroyed by invaders, similar to Nalanda. However, the ruins were rediscovered through archaeological excavations by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

Architecture & Layout

Vikramshila University is spread over a large area on a hilltop near the Ganga River. The site showcases the architectural brilliance of the Pala era.

1. Central Stupa

The most iconic structure is the massive Vikramshila Stupa, built in a cruciform (cross-shaped) design. It has terraces on multiple levels with staircases on all sides. The stupa marks the center of the ancient university.

2. Monastery (Vihara)

Surrounding the stupa are 208 cells, where monks and students lived and studied. These rooms reflect the structured residential system of ancient Indian universities.

3. Lecture Halls & Pathshalas

Open courtyards and rectangular classrooms, where students studied Buddhist tantra, grammar, logic, and philosophy.

4. Mandapa & Chaitya Hall

Ruins of meditation halls and temples show the importance of spiritual practice along with education.

5. Artistic Elements

Carved bricks, terracotta designs, and decorative motifs reflect Pala-style art known for its elegant and spiritual aesthetic.

What Made Vikramshila Special?

• One of the largest Buddhist universities in India
• Famous for training monks in Vajrayana Buddhism (Tantric Buddhism)
• Home to Atiśa, one of the most influential Buddhist teachers
• International reputation, attracting scholars from Tibet, China, and Southeast Asia
• Strong emphasis on discipline, debate, and meditation

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit Vikramshila is October to March, when the weather is pleasant for exploring the ruins.

How to Reach

• Nearest Airport: Patna Airport (270 km) or Deoghar Airport (150 km)
• Nearest Railway Station: Kahalgaon Station (12 km)
• By Road: Well-connected to Bhagalpur, Patna, and nearby towns. Taxis and buses are available from Bhagalpur.

Nearby Attractions

• Kahalgaon - A historic town along the Ganga
• Bhagalpur Silk City - Famous for Tussar silk
• Ajgaivinath Temple - Ancient Shiva temple
• Mandar Hill - Mythological site linked to Samudra Manthan

Travel Tips

• Carry water and wear comfortable shoes, as the site involves walking.
• Visit during early morning or late afternoon for better light and cooler weather.
• Hiring a guide helps you understand the historical significance of the ruins.
• Photography is allowed and highly rewarding due to the site’s archaeological beauty.